Neuroscientist, PhD

Balazs Szigeti

Imperial College London · Columbia University Irving Medical Center
Lead researcher on the landmark 2021 self-blinding microdosing study. His work is at the centre of one of psychedelic science's most important methodological questions: are microdosing effects real or expectation?
Biography

Balazs Szigeti is a neuroscientist whose work focuses on psychedelic pharmacology and clinical trial design. Working primarily at Imperial College London's Centre for Psychedelic Research and later Columbia University, he has become one of the field's most rigorous methodologists — specifically around the challenges of blinding in psychedelic trials.

His most cited contribution is the 2021 self-blinding microdosing study, a citizen-science investigation that recruited participants who were already planning to microdose and randomized them — without researcher control — to either active or placebo capsules prepared by the participants themselves. The study's most striking finding: participants could not reliably distinguish active psilocybin doses from placebo, yet the active group still reported greater benefits. This raised the possibility that expectation, not pharmacology, is the primary driver of perceived microdosing benefits.

Szigeti's methodological insight was to solve the placebo problem in microdosing research without requiring pharmaceutical-grade psilocybin or institutional approval for controlled dosing. His self-blinding protocol turned participants' own uncertainty against the placebo effect: subjects prepared their own doses and placebos in advance, sealed them into opaque capsules in coded batches they would not open until the analysis phase, and administered them according to a pre-specified schedule. This created genuine uncertainty about whether any given dose was active — the psychological foundation of a working placebo condition — without researcher control of the substance.

The resulting 2021 paper in eLife was methodologically sophisticated and intellectually honest about its findings: no significant differences between microdosing and placebo on pre-registered primary outcomes (task performance, cognitive function), but small positive effects on psychological wellbeing measures that were consistent with an expectancy effect. The paper was immediately enlisted by both skeptics ("proof that microdosing doesn't work") and proponents ("the wellbeing effects are real") — a response that Szigeti himself has engaged with directly in subsequent commentary, noting that the distinction between pharmacological and expectancy effects may be less important than whether the practice produces genuine benefit.

Now at Weill Cornell and collaborating with multiple psychedelic research centers, Szigeti continues to develop methodological tools for studying sub-perceptual psychedelic effects. His work exemplifies what rigorous psychedelic science looks like when it maintains high evidentiary standards rather than defaulting to the enthusiasm that sometimes distorts this field.

The honest interpretation: Szigeti's studies do not disprove that microdosing works — the TrkB and 5-HT2A pharmacology is real. They show that expectation effects are powerful enough to produce benefits indistinguishable from active doses in unblinded conditions, making clean causal inference difficult.
Landmark Studies
Szigeti et al. (2021) — Self-Blinding Citizen Science Study
Design: Participants self-prepared active and placebo capsules, then randomized themselves. First controlled citizen-science study of microdosing.

Key finding: Participants could not reliably distinguish active psilocybin from placebo. Both groups reported improvements. Active group showed small additional benefits on some measures.

Published: eLife, 2021 · PMID: 33729157

Significance: Introduced rigorous blinding methodology into microdosing research and catalyzed the placebo debate that continues to shape the field.
Szigeti et al. (2023) — Randomized Controlled Trial
Design: Follow-up RCT extending the 2021 findings with more controlled conditions.

Key finding: Placebo question remains open. Pharmacological effects present but difficult to isolate from expectation under current trial conditions.

Significance: Confirms that the field requires more sophisticated blinding methodology to establish causal claims about microdosing.
Featured in OOTW Journal
Microdosing Psilocybin: What the Science Actually Says